据美国保险信息协会(Insurance Information Institute)的统计资料表明:2004至2005年间,保险人因财产保险&伤亡保险所遭受的损失约达到300亿美元,保险欺诈的参与方大约有如下几种:保险申请人;保单持有者;提出索赔的第三方以及一些专门从事保险欺诈的非法机构。一般的保险欺诈包括:虚报或刻意夸大损失;在保险申请上填写虚假信息;虚构伤亡事故或损失以申请保险索赔等等。基于如此紧迫的形势,美国40个州分别在州的保险部内设立了总计48个保险反欺诈局(The Fraud Bureau),专门负责对各保险公司反欺诈工作的指导、对重大欺诈案件的调查、消费者教育等事务,并将涉嫌犯罪的欺诈案件移送检察机关进行审查起诉。
各个州保险反欺诈局的相关信息如下表所示:
州 |
是否将保险欺诈列为犯罪行为 |
豁免险种 |
是否成立了保险反欺诈局 |
是否强制保险者制定反欺诈计划 |
是否强制汽车安装摄像机 |
Alabama |
X (1) |
X (2) |
|
|
|
Alaska |
X |
X |
X |
|
|
Arizona |
X |
X |
X |
|
|
Arkansas |
X |
X |
X |
X |
|
California |
X |
X |
X |
X |
|
Colorado |
X |
X |
X |
X |
|
Connecticut |
X |
X |
X (1), (3) |
|
|
Delaware |
X |
X |
X |
|
|
D.C. |
X |
X |
X |
X |
|
Florida |
X |
X |
X |
X |
X |
Georgia |
X |
X |
X |
|
|
Hawaii |
X (4) |
X (5) |
X (5) |
|
|
Idaho |
X |
X |
X |
|
|
Illinois |
X |
X |
|
|
|
Indiana |
X |
X |
|
|
|
Iowa |
X |
X |
X |
|
|
Kansas |
X |
X |
X |
X |
|
Kentucky |
X |
X |
X |
X |
|
Louisiana |
X |
X |
X |
|
|
Maine |
X |
X |
|
X |
|
Maryland |
X |
X |
X |
X |
|
Massachusetts |
X |
X |
|
X |
X |
Michigan |
X |
X |
|
|
|
Minnesota |
X |
X |
X |
X |
|
Mississippi |
X |
X (2) |
X (3) |
|
|
Missouri |
X |
X |
X |
|
|
Montana |
X |
X |
X (1), (3) |
|
|
Nebraska |
X |
X |
X |
|
|
Nevada |
X |
X |
X (3) |
|
|
New Hampshire |
X |
X |
X |
X |
|
New Jersey |
X |
X |
X |
X |
X |
New Mexico |
X |
X |
X |
X |
|
New York |
X |
X |
X |
X |
X |
North Carolina |
X |
X |
X |
|
|
North Dakota |
X |
X |
X |
|
|
Ohio |
X |
X |
X |
X |
|
Oklahoma |
X |
X |
X |
|
|
Oregon |
|
X |
|
|
|
Pennsylvania |
X |
X |
X |
X |
|
Rhode Island |
X |
X (1) |
X (1), (6) |
|
X |
South Carolina |
X |
X |
X (3) |
|
|
South Dakota |
X |
X |
X |
|
|
Tennessee |
X |
X |
X |
X |
|
Texas |
X |
X |
X |
X |
|
Utah |
X |
X |
X |
|
|
Vermont |
X (1) |
X |
|
|
|
Virginia |
|
X |
X (7) |
|
|
Washington |
X |
X |
X (1), (6) |
X |
|
West Virginia |
X |
X |
X |
|
|
Wisconsin |
X |
X |
|
|
|
Wyoming |
X |
X (2) |
|
|
|
以上代号的相关解释如下:
(1) 仅限于员工赔偿保险欺诈
(2) 仅限于纵火罪
(3) 保险反欺诈局设立在州总律师事务所(State Attorney General’s Office)
(4) 仅限于汽车保险欺诈和员工赔偿保险欺诈
(5) 仅限于汽车保险欺诈
(6) 保险反欺诈局设立在州劳工局(State Department of Labor)
(7) 保险反欺诈局设立在州警察局(State Police Office)